NETWORK 


A computer network is a group of two or more computer system linked together, collection of machine devices, computer, mobile, notes, servers, etc.


* Lan: (Local area network) uses private/in a limited range (WIFI, Bluetooth).

* Man: (Metropolitan area network) uses publics/city/state (limited area) network. Ex. cable tv operator,   broadband connection, landline connection.

* Wan: (Wide area network) uses public, entire world, group of countries, internet access through   satellite.

* Pan: (Personal Area Network)



  It is a unique identification address in a network for each connected device.


Types of IP address:

(Uses, versions and allocation)

* Allocation: Static is fix does not change. Dynamic is a continuous process.

* Versions of IP address: 

  There are two versions of IP:

i IPV4: Internet protocol version 4

  Properties of IPV4:

  Size- It is a 32 bit address.

  No. of blocks: It consist of 4 blocks.

  Types of characters allowed : Only Numeric Value.

  Each block separated by:  (.) Dot.

  Min. number allowed in a block: 0 Zero

  Max. number allowed in a block: 255

  Limit: 4.3 Billions

  

  Classification Of IPV4:

  IPV4 Divided into5 different classes named (A-E)

  A-  1-126 + 127  (Private/Public)+ (local host)

  B-  128-191      (Publics and Private)

  C-  192-223      (Public and Private)

  D-  224-239      (Reserved classes)

  E-  240-255      (Research and development, Broadcasting)


 A- NID.HID.HID.HID

 B- NID.NID.HID.HID

 C- NID.NID.NID.HID

 D- NID.NID.NID.NID

 E- NID.NID.NID.NID

 

 Private range of class A,B,C

 A- 10.0.0.1    - 10.255.255.255

 B- 172.16.0.1  - 172.131.255.255

 C- 192.168.0.1 - 192.168.255.255


  NID- constant or fix

  HID- changes


  A- 1.0.0.1   -> 9.255.255.255   (Public)

     10.0.0.1  -> 10.255.255.255  (Private)

     11.0.0.1  -> 126.255.255.255 (Public)

     127.0.0.1 -> 127.255.255.255 (Local host/Loop back)

  

  B- 128.0.0.1   -> 172.15.255.255  (Public)

     172.16.0.1  -> 172.131.255.255 (Private)

     172.132.0.1 -> 191.255.255.255 (Public)


  C- 192.0.0.1   -> 192.167.255.255 (Public)

     192.168.0.1 -> 192.168.255.255 (Private)

     192.169.0.1 -> 223.255.255.255 (Public)


*  IPV6

   Properties of IPv6:

   Size- 128 bit

   No. of blocks: 8  

   Types of Character: Alpha-numeric (0-9, a-f)

   Each block separated by:  (:) Colon

   No./ character allowed: 0-9, a-f 

   Min. number of character/digit:  1  One


*  Global IP allocation process

   International corporates

   ICANN

   IANA: Internet Assigned Number Authority

   RIR: Regional Internet Registry.

   APNIC: Asia Pacific Network Information Center

   VSNL: Vides Sanchar Nigam Limited.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Ports

Port  Port scanning: in computing device a port is like a door which is used in data transmission and other services like charging, running a service-application etc. A port provides interface between two devices to send and receive information/data. Types of ports:-              # Physical ports: also known as hardware port and external ports: ex, usb, type-c, micro usb,                        rj45lan, HDMI, vga, SD card port thunderbolt, audio-3.O etc.              # Virtual ports: also known as pcp and udp ports internal ports, application port we have total                     65535 virtual ports in our computing devices. > total no. of ports  = 65535 > range = 0-65534 # top 1024 (0-1023) ports known as predefined virtual ports/ fixed virtual ports/ reserved virtual ports. #1024-65534 ...
Read more
Image
  FOOTPRINTING =>  Footprinting is the first step of hacking. it is the process of collecting as much information as possible about the target. Attackers gathers publicly  available sensitive information using which he/she performs social engineering, network and system attacks.    Why perform Footprinting? =  Footprinting is about gathering info and formulating hacking strategy. As a hackers you may be able to uncover the path of least resistance on target expect to obtain information as follows:-     Information about target security posture and where potential loop holes may exist.    A database that points detailed picture with maximum amount of information possible about target.     
Read more